Industrial robot system optically indicating motion area of robot

ABSTRACT

An industrial robot system is provided with a robot installed on a floor. In this robot system, a motion area is displayed visibly on the floor surface. The motion area is an area occupied on the floor surface by the robot when the robot executes a predetermined task.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from earlier Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-134678 filed Jul. 3, 2015, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a robot system used for a variety of tasks in facilities such as a plant.

Related Art

Conventionally, a robot system is known in which a safety guard fence is not provided in the periphery of a robot, and a person approaching the robot is detected using an area sensor (refer to PTL 1). In the robot system described in PTL 1, when the area sensor detects that a person is approaching the robot, the robot is stopped.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

[PTL 1] JP-A-2014-188645

However, when the robot is stopped each time a person approaches the robot, work efficiency of the robot decreases. In addition, the situation, itself, in which a person enters an area that requires the robot to be stopped is undesirable in terms of safety.

SUMMARY

In light of such circumstances, it is desired to provide a robot system that is capable of suppressing, in advance, entry of a person into an motion area of a robot, even in cases in which a safety guard fence is not provided in the periphery of the robot.

Configurations for solving the above-described problem and working effects thereof will be described below.

A first mode is a robot system that is characterized by including a robot and a display means. The robot is set on a floor surface (the surface of a floor). The display means visibly displays an motion area on the floor surface. The motion area is an area on the floor surface occupied by a space (i.e. a space projected to the floor surface) in which the robot operates during a predetermined task.

In the above-described configuration, the robot is set on the floor surface. The motion space that is the space in which the robot operates during a predetermined task is determined in advance. Here, the motion area that is the area of the floor surface occupied by the motion space of the robot is visibly displayed on the floor surface. Therefore, a person can visually confirm the motion area of the robot. The person can be prompted to avoid entering the motion area before entering the motion area. As a result, even when a safety guard fence is not provided in the periphery of the robot, a situation in which a person erroneously enters the motion area of the robot can be suppressed in advance.

According to a second mode, a forcible stopping unit that forcibly stops the robot when an abnormality occurs in the robot system is provided. The display means further visibly displays a latent area on the floor surface. The latent area is an area on the floor surface occupied by a space in which the robot is likely to operate until the robot is forcibly stopped by the forcible stopping unit during the predetermined task.

In the above-described configuration, the robot is forcibly stopped by the forcible stopping unit when an abnormality occurs in the robot system. However, the robot may move into the space outside of the motion space, until the robot is forcibly stopped by the forcible stopping unit during the predetermined task.

Here, the latent space that is the space in which the robot is likely to operate until the robot is forcibly stopped during the predetermined task can be predicted. In addition, the latent area that is the area on the floor surface occupied by the latent space of the robot can also be predicted. In the above-described embodiment, the latent area of the robot is visibly displayed on the floor surface. Therefore, a person can visually confirm the latent area of the robot. The person can be prompted to avoid entering the latent area.

According to a third mode, the display means includes an irradiating unit and a control unit. The irradiating unit irradiates visible light onto the floor surface. The control unit controls the irradiating unit so that visible light is irradiated onto the motion area.

In the above-described configuration, visible light can be irradiated onto the floor surface by the irradiating unit. In addition, the control unit controls the irradiating unit so that visible light is irradiated onto the motion area of the robot. Therefore, the motion area of the robot can be easily and accurately displayed. Furthermore, because a portion of the body of the person that has entered the motion area is illuminated by the visible light, the person can clearly visually confirm entry into the motion area.

According to a fourth mode, the display unit includes an irradiating unit and a control unit. The irradiating unit irradiates visible light onto the floor surface. The control unit controls the irradiating unit so that visible light is irradiated onto the motion area and the latent area.

In the above-described configuration, the control unit controls the irradiating unit so that visible light is irradiated onto the motion area and the latent area of the robot. Therefore, the motion area and the latent area of the robot can be easily and accurately displayed. Furthermore, because a portion of the body of the person that has entered the motion area or the latent area is illuminated by the visible light, the person can clearly visually confirm entry into the motion area and the latent area.

According to a fifth mode, the irradiating unit includes a first irradiating unit that irradiates a first light of visible light onto the floor surface, and a second irradiating unit that irradiates a second light of visible light differing from the first light onto the floor surface. The control unit irradiates the first light onto the motion area by the first irradiating unit and irradiates the second light onto the latent area by the second irradiating unit.

In the above-described configuration, the first light of visible light can be irradiated onto the floor surface by the first irradiating unit. In addition, the second light of visible light can be irradiated onto the floor surface by the second irradiating unit. The control unit irradiates the first light onto the motion area of the robot by the first irradiating unit and irradiates the second light onto the latent area of the robot by the second irradiating unit. Therefore, the person can differentiate between and visually confirm the motion area and the latent area of the robot.

In a sixth mode, the control unit is configured to set the latent area such that the latent area required in cases where the robot executes the predetermined task at an execution speed which is higher than or equal to a predetermined speed is set to be wider than the latent area required in cases where the robot executes the predetermined task at the execution speed which is lower than the predetermined speed.

The higher the execution speed of the robot during the predetermined task, the larger the latent area of the robot, in cases where there occurs an abnormality in the robot system. This respect is considered in the configuration of the sixth mode. That is, during execution of the predetermined task, the latent area provided when the execution speed of the robot is faster than a predetermined speed is set to be wider than the latent area provided when the execution speed is slower than the predetermined speed. The size and position of latent area can thus be set properly depending on execution speeds of the robot. In addition, in response to changes in robot execution speeds, the latent area to be displayed changes in its size, shape and/or position as well. Hence, compared to a case where the latent space is not changed, i.e., fixed in size and position, it is more effective in attracting attention of a person.

In a seventh mode, the control unit controls the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion position of the robot during execution of the predetermined task, wherein the current motion position is in relation to the motion area.

While the robot executes a predetermined task, the latent area given to the robot changes in accordance with the current motion position of the robot in relation to the motion area. For example, if the current motion position is at a central portion or thereabouts of the motion area, the latent area is made smaller in size, while if the current motion position is at an end or thereabouts of the motion area, the latent area is made larger in size.

This respect is considered in the seventh mode, in which the size, shape and/or position of the latent area are variable depending on robot current motion positions in relation to the motion area during robot execution of a predetermined task. This makes it possible to properly change the latent area in size, shape and/or position. Since the latent area being displayed changes in size, shape and/or position depending on how the robot takes its current position during execution of the predetermined task, it is more effective in attracting attention of a person, compared to a configuration in which the latent area is fixed.

In an eighth mode, the control unit controls the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion direction of the robot during execution of the predetermined task, the current motion direction being in relation to the motion area

Depending on a robot current motion direction in relation to the motion area during robot execution of a predetermined task, the latent area for the robot is changed in preparation for occurrence of an abnormality in the robot system. For instance, if the robot current motion is directed to the center of the motion area, the latent area is made smaller in size, while oppositely to this, the robot current motion is directed to an end of the motion area, the latent space is made larger in size.

This point is also considered in the eighth embodiment, during execution of a predetermined task, the latent area is variable properly depending on the robot current motion direction in relation to the motion area. In addition, since the latent area being displayed changes in size, shape and/or position based on robot current motion directions, it is more effective in attracting attention of a person, compared to a fixedly set latent area.

In a ninth mode, the control unit controls the latent area depending on a deceleration characteristics of the robot.

Depending on the deceleration characteristics of a robot, the latent space is changed when there occurs an abnormality in the robot system. For example, the latent space becomes smaller when the robot deceleration characteristics indicate ease in deceleration. In contrast, the latent space becomes larger when the robot deceleration characteristics indicate difficulty in deceleration. Thus the configuration according to the ninth mode, the latent area is set according to the robot deceleration characteristics, thereby increasing accuracy in setting the latent area.

In a tenth mode, the irradiating unit is provided with a plurality of LEDs configured to irradiate visible light onto mutually-different areas of the surface of the floor. The LEDs includes a designated LED. The control unit controls the irradiating unit such that the designated LED irradiates the visible light onto the motion area.

According to the tenth mode, the designated LED is turned on responsively to control issued from the control unit, so that the visible light is irradiated onto the motion area. In this way, it is possible to selectively drive an LED, being lead to irradiation of the visible light onto the motion area in an easier manner.

In an eleventh mode, the irradiating unit comprises a plurality of LEDs configured to irradiate visible light onto mutually-different areas of the surface of the floor. The LEDs includes an LED designated for irradiation onto the motion area and an LED designated for irradiation onto the latent area. The control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the LEDs designated for irradiation onto the motion area and the latent area irradiate, respectively, the visible light onto the motion area and the latent area.

According to the eleventh mode, by selectively turning on the designated LEDs for irradiating the visible light onto the motion and latent areas, the visible light can be irradiated easily onto the motion and latent areas.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an overview of a robot system;

FIG. 2 is a planar view of a work area of a worker, and an motion area and a latent area of a robot;

FIG. 3 shows, in its parts (a) and (b), a planar view of the motion area and the latent area of the robot at an execution speed of 100%, and a planar view of the motion area and the latent area of the robot at an execution speed of 50%;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps in a process in which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area and the latent area;

FIG. 5 shows, in its parts (a) and (b), a planar view of the motion area and the latent area when a motion position is near the center, and a planar view of the motion area and the latent area when the motion position near an end portion;

FIG. 6 shows, in its parts (a) and (b), a planar view of the motion area and the latent area when a motion direction is towards the center, and a planar view of the motion area and the latent area when the motion direction is towards the end portion;

FIG. 7 is a planar view of a mode in which an outer edge of the motion area is set based on an absolute value of motion acceleration;

FIG. 8 is a graph of a relationship between time and the absolute value of motion acceleration near a critical motion position;

FIG. 9 is a planar view of a mode in which the latent area is set based on the absolute value of motion acceleration;

FIG. 10 is a graph of the absolute value of motion acceleration at each motion position near the critical motion position;

FIG. 11 is a planar view of the motion area and the latent area of the robot for each task;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the steps in a process in which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area and a total latent area of a current task;

FIG. 13 is a planar view of a mode in which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area and the total latent area for each task;

FIG. 14 is a planar view of an overview of a robot system having a plurality of robots;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the steps in a process in which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area, the latent area, and a predicted area; and

FIG. 16 is a planar view of a mode in which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area, the latent area, and the predicted area.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

A first embodiment that is actualized in a robot system including a vertical, articulated-type robot will hereinafter be described, with reference to the drawings. The robot according to the present embodiment is, for example, used in an assembly line, such as that in a machinery assembly plant, as an industrial robot.

First, an overview of a robot system 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the robot system 10 includes a robot 20, a controller 30, a setup base 40, and other necessary devices which are not shown.

The setup base 40 is formed into a circular, columnar shape and is fixed to a floor 50 inside the plant. A center axial line of the setup base 40 is perpendicular to the floor 50. The setup base 40 is a base on which the robot 20 and the controller 30 are set. The robot 20 and the controller 30 are set on top of the setup base 40. In other words, the robot 20 and the controller 30 are set on the floor 50 (that is, the floor surface) with the setup base 40 therebetween.

The robot 20 is a vertical, articulated-type robot that is provided with an articulated arm. The robot 20 includes a motor, a brake, an angle sensor, and the like. The motor drives a joint. The brake applies a brake on a joint. The angle sensor detects a rotation angle of a joint. The motion of the robot 20 is controlled by the controller 30.

The controller 30 (that is, a control unit) includes a central processing unit (CPU), a read-only memory (ROM) functioning as a non-transitory computer readable medium, a random access memory (RAM), a drive circuit, a position detection circuit, although not shown in the drawings. The ROM stores therein a system program, an operation program, and the like of the robot 20. The RAM stores therein parameter values and the like when a program stored in the ROM is run. A detection signal from each angle sensor is inputted to the position detection circuit. The position detection circuit detects the rotation angle of each joint (more specifically, each motor) based on the detection signal from each angle sensor.

The robot 20 performs various tasks by the arm being operated. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a motion space that is the space in which the robot 20 operates during a predetermined task is an motion space Sa. The motion space Sa is determined in advance based on the length of the arm of the robot 20 and an motion trajectory of the arm during the predetermined task. A motion area Aa is an area on the floor 50 that is occupied by the motion space Sa. The motion area Aa is an area formed by projecting the motion space Sa onto the floor 50. The motion area Aa is set to be in the shape of a fan that radiates from the robot 20.

The controller 30 (that is, a forcible stopping unit) forcibly stops the robot 20 when an abnormality occurs in the robot system 10. For example, when a motion abnormality in the robot 20 or a communication abnormality in the controller 30 is detected, the controller 30 applies a brake to the arm of the robot 20 and immediately stops the robot 20. However, the robot 20 may move into the space outside of the motion space Sa, until the robot 20 is forcibly stopped during a predetermined task.

Here, a latent (or potential) space that is a space in which the robot 20 is likely to operate until the robot 20 is forcibly stopped during a predetermined task can be predicted by the controller 30 as a latent (or potential) space Sp. The latent space Sp is space outside of the motion space Sa. A latent area Ap is an area on the floor 50 that is occupied by the latent space Sp. That is, the latent area Ap is an area formed by projecting the latent space Sp onto the floor 50. The latent area Ap is set to be in the shape of a fan that radiates from the robot 20. According to the present embodiment, the above-described motion area Aa and latent area Ap of the robot 20 are visibly displayed on the floor 50.

Specifically, the above-described setup base 40 is provided with an irradiating unit 41. The irradiating unit 41 irradiates visible light (which is visible to human eyes) onto the floor 50. The irradiating unit 41 includes a first irradiating unit and a second irradiating unit. The first irradiating unit irradiates red light (that is, a first light of the visible light) onto the floor 50. The second irradiating unit irradiates yellow light (that is, a second light of the visible light differing from the first light) onto the floor 50.

The first irradiating unit includes a plurality of red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are arrayed at a predetermined interval (such as every 10 degrees in terms of central angle) in a circumferential direction of the setup base 40. The area over which the red light is irradiated onto the floor 50 differs among the plurality of red LEDs. The plurality of red LEDs are arranged over the overall circumference of the setup base 40. The red LEDs to be lit are selected from the plurality of red LEDs, thereby enabling the red light to be irradiated onto an arbitrary motion area Aa. Instead of the red LEDs of the first irradiating unit, the second irradiating unit includes yellow LEDs that are arranged in a similar manner. The yellow LEDs to be lit are selected from the plurality of yellow LEDs, thereby enabling the yellow light to be irradiated onto an arbitrary latent area Ap.

The controller 30 lights the red LEDs, among the plurality of red LEDs, that irradiate the red light onto the motion area Aa. That is, the controller 30 controls the first irradiating unit so that the red light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa. In addition, the controller 30 lights the yellow LEDs, among the plurality of yellow LEDs, that irradiate the yellow light onto the latent area Ap. That is, the controller 30 controls the second irradiating unit so that the yellow light is irradiated onto the latent area Ap. A display means for visibly displaying the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap on the floor 50 is configured by the irradiating unit 41 and the controller 30.

FIG. 2 is a planar view of a work area W of a worker, and the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap of the robot 20.

The robot 20 is set in a facility area F inside the plant. A safety guard fence is not provided in the periphery of the robot 20. As described above, the red light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the yellow light is irradiated onto the latent area Ap. Therefore, a worker (that is, a person) is able to visually confirm the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap of the robot 20. Consequently, the worker no longer enters the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap, and works in the work area W of the facility area F.

Here, the latent space Sp of the robot 20 when an abnormality occurs in the robot system 10 becomes larger as the execution speed at which the robot 20 executes a predetermined task increases. The execution speed is a value that indicates the corresponding percentage of speed, with the execution speed when the robot 20 executes a predetermined task in the shortest amount of time being assigned to 100%. A motion speed, which is an instantaneous speed of the robot 20, also changes based on the execution speed. For example, the motion speed increases as the execution speed increases. Therefore, a setting based on the motion speed is also based on the execution speed.

FIG. 3, i.e., (a) thereof, is a planar view of the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap at an execution speed of 100%. FIG. 3, i.e., (b) thereof, is a planar view of the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap at an execution speed of 50%.

As shown in the parts (a) and (b) of FIG. 3, the motion area Aa is the same when the execution speed of the robot 20 is 100% and 50%. A reason for this is that the motion trajectory of the robot 20 during a predetermined task is determined in advance regardless of the execution speed. However, a latent area Ap1 when the execution speed is 100% is set to be larger than a latent area Ap2 when the execution speed is 50%. A reason for this is that, because the motion speed increases as the execution speed increases, the movement distance over which the robot 20 moves, from when the controller 30 attempts to stop the robot 20 until the robot 20 stops, increases. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the latent area Ap1 when the execution speed at which the robot 20 executes the predetermined task is higher than or equal to a predetermined speed is set to be larger than the latent area Ap2 when the execution speed is lower than the predetermined speed.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps in a process in which the visible light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap. This series of processes is performed by the controller 30 before the robot 20 starts a predetermined task.

First, the controller 30 calculates the motion space Sa of the robot 20 for the predetermined task (S11). Specifically, the controller 30 calculates the motion space Sa based on the motion trajectory of the arm of the robot 20 for the predetermined task, the length of the arm, and the coordinates of the robot 20.

Next, the controller 30 calculates the motion area Aa of the robot 20 for the predetermined task (S12). Specifically, the controller 30 calculates the motion area Aa by projecting the motion space Sa onto the floor 50 based on the coordinates of the robot 20.

Next, the controller 30 calculates the latent space Sp of the robot 20 for the predetermined task (S13). Specifically, the controller 30 calculates the latent space Sp based on the execution speed at which the robot 20 executes the predetermined task and deceleration characteristics of the robot 20. The latent space Sp is set to be larger as the execution speed increases. In addition, regarding the deceleration characteristics, deceleration of the robot 20 becomes more difficult as the length of the arm increases, the weight of the arm increases, the inertia of the motor increases, and the weight of the workpiece to be conveyed increases. The latent space Sp is set to be larger as the deceleration characteristics indicate greater difficulty in deceleration.

Next, the controller 30 calculates the latent area Ap of the robot 20 for the predetermined task (S14). Specifically, the controller 30 calculates the latent area Ap by projecting the latent space Sp onto the floor 50 based on the coordinates of the robot 20.

Next, the controller 30 irradiates the red light onto the motion area Aa (S15). Specifically, the controller 30 selects the red LEDs, among the plurality of red LEDs of the irradiating unit 41, that irradiate the red light onto the motion area Aa and lights the selected red LEDs. In other words, the controller 30 does not light the red LEDs, among the plurality of red LEDs of the irradiating unit 41, other than the selected red LEDs.

Next, the controller 30 irradiates the yellow light onto the latent area Ap (S16). Specifically, the controller 30 selects the yellow LEDs, among the plurality of yellow LEDs of the irradiating unit 41, that irradiate the yellow light onto the latent area Ap and lights the selected yellow LEDs. In other words, the controller 30 does not light the yellow LEDs, among the plurality of yellow LEDs of the irradiating unit 41, other than the selected yellow LEDs. Subsequently, the controller ends the series of processes (END).

In the state in which the red light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the yellow light is irradiated onto the latent area Ap, the robot 20 executes the predetermined task.

According to the present embodiment described in detail above, the following advantages are achieved.

-   -   The motion space Sa that is the space in which the robot 20         operates during a predetermined task is determined in advance.         The motion area Aa that is the area on the floor 50 occupied by         the motion space Sa of the robot 20 is visibly displayed on the         floor 50. Therefore, the worker can visually confirm the motion         area Aa of the robot 20. The worker can be prompted to avoid         entering the motion area Aa before entering the motion area Aa.         As a result, even when a safety guard fence is not provided in         the periphery of the robot 20, a situation in which the worker         erroneously enters the motion area Aa of the robot 20 can be         suppressed in advance.     -   The latent space Sp that is the space in which the robot 20 is         likely to operate until the robot 20 is forcibly stopped during         a predetermined task can be predicted in advance by the         controller 30. Moreover, the latent area Ap that is the area on         the floor 50 occupied by the latent space Sp can be predicted by         the controller 30. According to the present embodiment, the         latent area Ap of the robot 20 is visibly displayed on the floor         50. As a result, the worker can visually confirm the latent area         Ap of the robot 20 and can be prompted to avoid entering the         latent area Ap, as well.     -   The controller 30 controls the irradiating unit 41 so that         visible light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the         latent area Ap of the robot 20. As a result, the motion area Aa         and the latent area Ap of the robot 20 can be easily and         accurately displayed. In addition, a portion of the body of the         worker that has entered the motion area Aa or the latent area Ap         is illuminated by the visible light. Therefore, the worker can         clearly visually confirm entry into the motion area Aa and the         latent area Ap.     -   The controller 30 irradiates red light onto the motion area Aa         of the robot 20 by the first irradiating unit, and irradiates         yellow light onto the latent area Ap of the robot 20 by the         second irradiating unit. As a result, the worker can         differentiate between and visually confirm the motion area Aa         and the latent area A of the robot 20.     -   The latent area Ap when the execution speed at which the robot         20 executes a predetermined task is higher than or equal to a         predetermined speed is set to be larger than the latent area Ap         when the execution speed is lower than the predetermined speed.         Therefore, the size of the latent area Ap can be appropriately         set based on the execution speed of the robot 20.     -   The latent space Sp of the robot 20 when an abnormality occurs         in the robot system 10 changes depending on the deceleration         characteristics of the robot 20. According to the present         embodiment, the latent area Ap is set based on the deceleration         characteristics of the robot 20. Therefore, accuracy of the         latent area Ap that is set can be improved.     -   The irradiating unit 41 includes a plurality of LEDs of which         the areas over which the visible light is irradiated onto the         floor 50 differ. The LEDs irradiating visible light onto the         motion area Aa and the LEDs irradiating visible light onto the         latent area Ap are selected and lit. As a result, the visible         light can be easily irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the         latent area Ap.

The first embodiment can also be carried out with the following modifications.

-   -   As the execution speed, a value that indicates the percentage of         a rated maximum speed of the robot 20 to which a peak value of         the motion speed when the robot 20 executes a predetermined task         corresponds may be used.     -   According to the first embodiment, the irradiating unit 41         includes a plurality of LEDs of which the areas over which the         visible light is irradiated onto the floor 50 differ. However,         the irradiating unit 41 may be configured by a lamp that         irradiates visible light at a wide angle and a shielding         mechanism that adjusts the area over which the light from the         lamp is blocked. The controller 30 may adjust the area over         which the light from the lamp is irradiated onto the floor 50 by         controlling the shielding mechanism, and enable visible light to         be irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap of         the robot 20     -   The latent space Sp of the robot 20 provided when an abnormality         occurs in the robot system 10 changes depending on the current         motion position of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area         Aa, during execution of a predetermined task by the robot 20.         FIG. 5, i.e., (a) thereof, is a planar view of the motion area         Aa and a latent area Ap11 when the current motion position is a         motion position P11 near the center. As shown in FIG. 5,         i.e., (a) thereof, when the current motion position P11 is near         the center, a latent space Sp, and therefore, the latent area         Ap11 become small. Meanwhile, FIG. 5, i.e., (b) thereof, is a         planar view of the motion area Aa and a latent area Ap12 when         the current motion position is a motion position P12 near an end         portion. As shown in FIG. 5, i.e., (b) thereof, when the current         motion position P12 is near the end portion in the motion area         Aa, a latent space Sp, and therefore, the latent area Ap12         become large.

Here, the controller 30 is able to change the latent area Ap based on the current motion position of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area Aa, during the execution of a predetermined task by the robot 20. As a result of a configuration such as this, the latent area Ap can be appropriately changed based on the current motion position of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area Aa. Furthermore, the displayed latent area Ap changes in accompaniment with the changes in the current motion position of the robot 20 during execution of the predetermined task. Therefore, compared to when the size of the latent area Ap is not changed, the attention of a person can be captured.

-   -   The latent space Sp of the robot 20 when an abnormality occurs         in the robot system 10 changes depending on a current motion         direction of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area Aa         during execution of a predetermined task by the robot 20. FIG.         6, i.e., (a) thereof, is a planar view of the motion area Aa and         a latent area Ap21 when the current motion direction is a motion         direction D1 (motion position P21) towards the center. As shown         in FIG. 6, i.e., (a) thereof, when the current motion direction         D1 is a direction towards the center of the motion area Aa, the         latent space Sp21, and therefore, the latent area Ap21 become         small. Meanwhile, FIG. 6, i.e., (b) thereof, is a planar view of         the motion area Aa and a latent area Ap22 when the current         motion direction is a motion direction D2 (motion position P22)         towards the end portion. As shown in FIG. 6, i.e., (b) thereof,         when the current motion direction D2 is a direction towards the         end portion of the motion area Aa, the latent space Sp22, and         therefore, the latent area Ap22 become larger.

Here, the controller 30 is able to change the latent area Ap based on the current motion direction of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area Aa, during the execution of a predetermined task by the robot 20. As a result of a configuration such as this, the latent area Ap can be appropriately changed based on the current motion direction of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area Aa. Furthermore, the displayed latent area Ap changes in accompaniment with the changes in the current motion direction of the robot 20 during execution of the predetermined task. Therefore, compared to when the latent area Ap is not changed, the attention of a person can be captured.

-   -   The latent space Sp of the robot 20 when an abnormality occurs         in the robot system 10 changes depending on execution         acceleration at which the robot 20 executes a predetermined         task. In a manner similar to the above-described execution         speed, the execution acceleration is a value that indicates the         corresponding percentage of acceleration, with the acceleration         at which the robot 20 executes a predetermined task in the         shortest amount of time being assigned to 100%. An motion         acceleration that is an instantaneous acceleration of the robot         20 also changes based on the execution acceleration. For         example, the motion acceleration increases as the execution         acceleration increases. Therefore, a setting based on the motion         acceleration is also based on the execution acceleration.

For example, in a manner similar to the execution speed in FIG. 3, because the motion speed increases as the execution acceleration increases, the latent space Sp (and therefore, the latent area Ap1) becomes large. In addition, because the motion speed decreases as the execution acceleration decreases, the latent space Sp (and therefore, the latent area Ap2) becomes small. Here, the controller 30 sets the latent area Ap1 when the execution acceleration at which the robot 20 executes a predetermined task is higher than or equal to a predetermined acceleration to be larger than the latent area Ap2 when the execution acceleration is lower than the predetermined acceleration. Specifically, the latent area Ap is set to be larger as the execution acceleration increases. Therefore, the latent area Ap can be appropriately changed based on the execution acceleration of the robot 20.

-   -   FIG. 7 is a planar view of a mode in which an outer edge of the         motion area Aa is set based on an absolute value of the motion         acceleration. As can be seen at motion positions P31 and P32 in         FIG. 7, as the motion position of the robot 20 approaches the         outer edge of the motion space Sa, the absolute value of motion         acceleration, including motion deceleration, decreases so that         the motion speed is gradually reduced. The motion positions P31         and P32 are critical motion positions at which the absolute         value of motion acceleration becomes a local minimum value. FIG.         8 is a graph of a relationship between time and the absolute         value of motion acceleration near the critical motion position         P32. As shown in FIG. 8, near the critical motion position P32,         the absolute value of motion acceleration decreases, becomes the         local minimum value, and subsequently increases again. The         motion position at time tm is the critical motion position P32.

Here, the controller 30 calculates the absolute value of motion acceleration for each motion position of the robot 20 for a predetermined task. The controller 30 then sets the outer edge of the motion area Aa based on the critical motion position at which the calculated absolute value of motion acceleration is the local minimum value. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the controller 30 sets an outer edge E1 of the motion area Aa based on the coordinates of the critical motion position P31 and sets an outer edge E2 of the motion area Aa abased on the coordinates of the critical motion position P32. Then, the controller 30 sets the motion area Aa in the shape of a fan that radiates from the robot 20. Therefore, the outer edge of the motion area Aa can be easily and accurately set.

-   -   The latent space Sp, and therefore, the latent area Ap of the         robot 20 when an abnormality occurs in the robot system 10         change depending on the motion speed of the robot 20 near the         critical motion position. The motion speed of the robot 20         changes depending on the motion acceleration. Here, as shown in         FIG. 9, the controller 30 sets a latent area Ap32 based on the         absolute values of motion acceleration at motion positions P33         to P35 that are included in a predetermined area provided         temporally before the critical motion position P36 during the         execution of the predetermined task. FIG. 10 is a graph of the         absolute values of motion acceleration at the motion positions         P33 to P35 near the critical motion position P36. The motion         positions P33 to P36 respectively correspond to time t11 to t14.         Specifically, the latent area Ap is set to be larger as the         absolute values of motion acceleration at time t11 to t14         increase. As a result of a configuration such as this, the         accuracy of the latent area Ap that is set can be improved while         reducing processing load placed on the controller 30.     -   The latent area Ap may be set based on a combination of the         execution speed at which the robot 20 executes a predetermined         task, the current motion position of the robot 20 in relation to         the motion area Aa during execution of the predetermined task,         the current motion direction of the robot 20 in relation to the         motion area Aa during execution of the predetermined task, and         the execution acceleration at which the robot 20 executes the         predetermined task. That is, the latent area Ap may be set based         on at least one of the execution speed at which the         predetermined task is executed, the current motion position of         the robot 20 in relation to the motion area Aa, the current         motion direction of the robot 20 in relation to the motion area         Aa, and the execution acceleration at which the predetermined         task is executed.     -   The motion area Aa and the latent area Ap may be calculated in         advance and stored. The stored motion area Aa and latent area Ap         may then be read out before the robot 20 starts a predetermined         task.     -   According to the present first embodiment, the controller 30         irradiates the red light onto the motion area Aa of the robot 20         by the first irradiating unit and irradiates the yellow light         onto the latent area Ap of the robot by the second irradiating         unit. However, the lights are not limited to red and yellow.         Visible light of other colors (that is, wavelengths) may be         irradiated onto the motion areas Aa and the latent area Ap. In         addition, visible light of the same color (that is, wavelength)         may be irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap         at differing brightness. In this case as well, a person can         differentiate between the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap.         Furthermore, visible light of the same color and same brightness         may be irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the latent area         Ap. In this case as well, a person can visually confirm the         motion area Aa and the latent area Ap. Moreover, visible light         may be irradiated onto only the motion area Aa. In this case as         well, a person can visually confirm the motion area Aa of the         robot 20. The person can be prompted to avoid entering the         motion area Aa before entering the motion area Aa.     -   Placement of the irradiating unit 41 is not limited to the setup         base 40. The irradiating unit 41 may be provided on a base         portion of the robot 20, a ceiling of the plant, or the like.         That is, the irradiating unit 41 is merely required to be         capable of irradiating visible light onto the motion area Aa and         the latent area Ap on the floor 50. In addition, the robot 20         may be directly set on the floor 50.     -   In cases in which the setup base 40 on which the robot 20 is set         has sufficient width and the worker moves on the top surface of         the setup base 40, the top surface of the setup base 40 can be         considered to be the floor surface on which the visible light is         irradiated.     -   The manner in which the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap         are visibly displayed on the floor 50 (that is, the floor         surface) is not limited to that in which the visible light is         irradiated onto the overall motion area Aa and latent area Ap.         For example, visible light may be irradiated onto only the outer         edges of the motion area Aa and latent area Ap. In addition, the         manner in which the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap are         visibly displayed on the floor 50 is not limited to that in         which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa and         the latent area Ap. The motion area Aa and the latent area Ap         can also be displayed with paint or tape.     -   The robot 20 is not limited to the vertical, articulated-type         robot. A horizontal, articulated-type robot or the like can also         be used.

Second Embodiment

A second embodiment will be described below, with focus on the differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, the robot 20 performs a plurality of tasks. Other configurations are similar to those according to the first embodiment. The controller 30 controls the irradiating unit 41 so that visible light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa and the latent area Ap of the task being executed by the robot 20, in a manner similar to that according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a planar view of an motion area and latent areas of the robot 20 for each task. As shown in FIG. 11, the robot 20 repeatedly performs tasks A to C in this order. The robot 20 may switch to the next task after performing one task for a predetermined amount of time, or may switch to the next task after one task is completed.

Motion areas Aaa to Aac differ from each other. Latent areas Apa to Apc also differ from each other. During task A, the controller 30 irradiates red light onto the motion area Aaa and yellow light onto the latent area Apa. During task B, the controller 30 irradiates red light onto the motion area Aab and yellow light onto the latent area Apb. During task C, the controller 30 irradiates red light onto the motion area Aac and yellow light onto the latent area Apc.

Here, during task C, the position of a worker m is outside of the motion area Aac and the latent area Apc. However, when the robot 20 switches from task C to task A, the position of the worker m is included in the motion area Aaa or the latent area Apa. In this case, unless the worker m moves outside of the motion area Aaa and the latent area Apa before task A is started, the safety of the worker m may be compromised.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the controller 30 irradiates, by the second irradiating unit, yellow light onto an area, within a total latent area (Apa+Apb+Apc), that does not include the motion area (such as the motion area Aac) of the task that the robot 20 is currently executing. The total latent area is obtained by adding the latent areas Apa, Apb, and Apc of the tasks.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the steps in a process for irradiating visible light onto the motion area and the latent area of a current task. This series of processes is performed by the controller 30 before the robot starts the tasks A to C, that is, in a state in which none of the tasks A to C are started.

First, the controller 30 calculates motion spaces Saa to Sac of the robot 20 for the tasks A to C (S21). The method for calculating the motion space Sa of one task is the same as the process at S11 in FIG. 4. The controller 30 calculates the motion areas Aaa to Aac of the robot 20 for the tasks A to C (S22). The method for calculating the motion area Aa of one task is the same as the process at S12 in FIG. 4. The controller 30 calculates latent spaces Spa to Spc of the robot 20 for the tasks A to C (S23). The method for calculating the latent space Sp of one task is the same as the process at S13 in FIG. 4. The controller 30 calculates the latent areas Apa to Apc of the robot 20 for the tasks A to C (S24). The method for calculating the latent area Ap of one task is the same as the process at S14 in FIG. 4.

Next, the controller 30 calculates a total latent area Apt that is the sum of the latent areas Apa, Apb, and Apc of the tasks A to C (S25). Specifically, the controller 30 adds the latent areas Apa, Apb, and Apc, omitting overlaps, and calculates the total latent area Apt. In other words, a smallest area that includes all of the latent areas Apa, Apb, and Apc is calculated as the total latent area Apt.

Next, the controller 30 irradiates red light onto the motion area Aa of the task currently being executed (S26). The method for irradiating the red light onto the motion area Aa is the same as the process at S15 in FIG. 4.

Next, the controller 30 irradiates yellow light onto the total latent area Apt (S27). Specifically, when the yellow light is irradiated onto the total latent area Apt, the yellow light is irradiated by the second irradiating unit onto an area of the total latent area Apt that does not include the motion area Aa of the task currently being executed by the robot 20. Subsequently, the controller 30 ends the series of processes (END). The processes at S26 and S27 are performed each time the robot 20 switches tasks.

Then, as shown in FIG. 13, in a state in which the red light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa of the task that is currently being executed and the yellow light is irradiated onto the latent area Apt, the robot 20 performs the tasks A to C.

According to the present embodiment described in detail above, the following advantages are achieved. Only advantages differing from those according to the first embodiment are described herein.

-   -   Visible light is irradiated onto the motion area Aa of the task         currently being executed, among the plurality of tasks A to C         executed by the robot 20. Therefore, even when the robot 20         switches tasks, a person can visually confirm the motion area Aa         of the task currently being executed. Furthermore, because the         irradiated motion area Aa changes, the attention of the person         can be captured, compared to when the motion area Aa does not         change. In addition, a portion of the body of the person that         has entered the motion area Aa is illuminated by the visible         light. Therefore, the person can clearly visually confirm entry         into the motion area Aa.     -   Visible light is irradiated onto an area of the total latent         area Apt that is not included in the motion area Aa of the task         currently being executed by the robot 20. The total latent area         Apt is the sum of the latent areas Apa to Apc of the tasks A         to C. Therefore, a situation in which a person enters an area to         become a latent area Ap when the robot 20 switches tasks can be         suppressed in advance. Furthermore, because the proportions of         the irradiated total latent area Apt and motion area Aa change,         the attention of a person can be captured, compared to when the         proportions do not change.

The second embodiment can also be carried out with the following modifications.

-   -   As the manner in which the motion areas Aa and the latent areas         Ap are visibly displayed during the tasks A to C, the variation         examples according to the first embodiment can be applied to an         extent that combination is possible.     -   The total latent area Apt may be an area that is the sum of the         latent areas Ap of all tasks executed by the robot 20, or the         sum of the latent areas Ap of a part of the tasks including a         plurality of tasks. In addition, instead of the configuration in         which the yellow light is irradiated onto the total latent area         Apt, a configuration in which yellow light is irradiated onto         the respective latent areas Apa to Apc of the tasks A to C can         also be used.     -   The controller 30 may control the irradiating unit 41 so that         visible light is irradiated onto a total motion area Aat. The         total motion area Aat is the sum of the motion areas Aaa to Aac         of the tasks A to C. As a result of a configuration such as         this, a situation in which a person enters an area to become the         motion area Aa when the robot 20 switches tasks can be         suppressed in advance.     -   The total motion area Aat may be an area that is the sum of the         motion areas Aa of all tasks executed by the robot 20, or the         sum of the motion areas Aa of a part of the tasks including a         plurality of tasks.     -   The controller 30 may irradiate red light onto the total motion         area Aat by the first irradiating unit. The total motion area         Aat is the sum of the motion areas Aaa to Aac of the tasks A         to C. The controller 30 may irradiate, by the second irradiating         unit, yellow light onto an area of the total latent area Apt         that is not included in the total motion area Aat. The total         latent area Apt is the sum of the latent areas Apa to Apc of the         tasks A to C. As a result of a configuration such as this, a         person can differentiate between and visually confirm the total         motion area Aat and the total latent area Apt of the robot 20.

Third Embodiment

A third embodiment will be described below, with focus on the differences between the third embodiment and the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, a robot system 100 includes a plurality of robots 20A to 20D and a programmable logic controller (PLC) 110. The robots 20A to 20D are set on the floor 50 so as to be adjacent to each other. The PLC 110 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. The PLC 110 is a high-order controller that controls the respective controllers 30 of the robots 20A to 20CD. Other configurations are similar to those according to the first embodiment.

The robots 20A to 20D each have a configuration similar to that of the robot 20 according to the first embodiment. Each of the robots 20A to 20D is controlled by a controller 30 (not shown). The robots 20A to 20D each perform a predetermined task. The respective controllers 30 of the robots 20A to 20D radiate red light onto the respective motion area and yellow light onto the respective latent area in a manner similar to that according to the first embodiment. A worker m works near each robot 20A to 20D. The worker m can visually confirm motion areas Raa to Rad and latent areas Rpa to Rpd.

Each of the robots 20A to 20D includes an auxiliary irradiating unit, in addition to the irradiating unit 41 that is a main irradiating unit. The auxiliary irradiating unit irradiates visible light differing from the visible light irradiated by the irradiating unit 41. Specifically, the main irradiating unit includes a first irradiating unit that irradiates red light and a second irradiating unit that irradiates yellow light. The auxiliary irradiating unit irradiates green light. The auxiliary irradiating unit has a configuration similar to those of the first irradiating unit and the second irradiating unit. Specifically, the auxiliary irradiating unit is provided with a plurality of green LEDs.

Of the robots that are set so as to be adjacent to each other, one robot is considered a first robot and the other a second robot. In this case, the main irradiating unit of the first robot is a first irradiating unit. The main irradiating unit of the second robot is a second irradiating unit. In addition, the auxiliary irradiating unit of the first robot is a first auxiliary irradiating unit. The auxiliary irradiating unit of the second robot is a second auxiliary irradiating unit. Furthermore, the motion area of the first robot is a first motion area. The motion area of the second robot is a second motion area. The forcible stopping unit of the first robot is a first forcible stopping unit. The forcible stopping unit of the second robot is a second forcible stopping unit. The latent area of the first robot is a first latent area. The latent area of the second robot is a second latent area.

Here, the second latent area may be larger than an area obtained by the first latent area being added to the first motion area. For example, in FIG. 14, when the worker m is present near the robot 20B, the latent area Rpa of the robot 20A (second robot) is larger than the area obtained by the latent area Rpb being added to the motion area Rab of the robot 20B (first robot). In this case, when the worker m approaches the robot 20A under an assumption that the latent area Rpa and the latent area Rpb are about the same size, the worker m may enter the latent area Rpa.

Here, according to the present embodiment, a predicted area is set based on an area that is the area of the second latent area and the second motion area outside of the first motion area and the first latent area, when the second latent area and the second motion area are overlapped with the first motion area and the first latent area based on aligned reference positions. The PLC 110 then makes the auxiliary irradiating unit irradiate green light onto the predicted area, with the controller 30.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the steps in a process in which visible light is irradiated onto the motion area, the latent area, and the predicted area. This series of processes is performed by the PLC 110 and the controllers 30, in cooperation with each other, before the robots 20A to 20D start the predetermined tasks, that is, in a state in which none of the robots 20A to 20D have started a task.

First, the PLC 110 and the controller 30 calculate, in cooperation with each other, the motion spaces for the predetermined tasks of the robots 20A to 20D (S31). The method for calculating the motion space of a task by one robot is the same as the process at S11 in FIG. 4. The PLC 110 and the controller 30 calculate the motion areas Raa to Rad for the predetermined tasks of the robots 20A to 20D (S32). The method for calculating the motion area of a task by one robot is the same as the process at S12 in FIG. 4. The PLC 110 and the controller 30 calculate the latent spaces for the predetermined tasks of the robots 20A to 20D (S33). The method for calculating the latent space of a task by one robot is the same as the process at S13 in FIG. 4. The PLC 110 and the controller 30 calculate the latent areas Rpa to Rpd for the predetermined tasks of the robots 20A to 20D (S34). The method for calculating the latent area of a task by one robot is the same as the process at S14 in FIG. 4.

Next, the PLC 110 calculates a predicted area Rf based on the area of the second latent area and the second motion area outside of the first motion area and the first latent area when the second latent area and the second motion area are overlapped with the first motion area and the first latent area based on aligned reference positions (S35). Specifically, the PLC 110 calculates a predetermined proportion of an area obtained by an area that is the sum of the first motion area and the first latent area being subtracted from an area that is the sum of the second latent area and the second motion area, with a reference position (such as reference coordinates) being aligned between the robots. When the second robot is present on both sides of the first robot, the second latent areas and the second motion areas of the second robots on both sides are considered.

Next, the PLC 110 irradiates the red light onto the motion areas Raa to Rad of the robots 20A to 20D (S36). The method for irradiating the red light onto the motion area is the same as the process at S15 in FIG. 4.

Next, the PLC 110 irradiates the yellow light onto the latent areas Rpa to Rpd of the robots 20A to 20D (S37). The method for irradiating the yellow light onto the latent area is the same as the process at S16 in FIG. 4.

Then, the PLC 110 irradiates the green light onto the predicted area Rf by the auxiliary irradiating unit (S38). Subsequently, the PLC 110 ends the series of processes (END). The processes at S35 and S38 are performed each time the robot that is the first robot is switched as a result of movement of the worker m.

As shown in FIG. 16, for example, when the worker m is present near the robot 20B, the robots 20A to 20D execute the predetermined tasks in a state in which the green light is irradiated onto a predicted area Rfb in correspondence with the robot 20B. For example, when the worker m is present near the robot 20D, the robots 20A to 20D execute the predetermined tasks in a state in which the green light is irradiated onto a predicted area Rfd in correspondence with the robot 20D.

According to the present embodiment described in detail above, the following advantages are achieved. Only advantages differing from those according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment are described herein.

-   -   The predicted area Rf is set based on the area of the second         latent area and the second motion area outside of the first         motion area and the first latent area, when the second latent         area and the second motion area are overlapped with the first         motion area and the first latent area based on aligned reference         positions. The green light is irradiated onto the predicted area         Rf by the auxiliary irradiating unit. Therefore, a person         present near the first robot can become aware that the second         latent area is larger than the first latent area in advance.         Consequently, when the worker m who is present near the first         robot approaches the second robot, a situation in which the         person enters the second latent area can be suppressed.

The third embodiment can also be carried out with the following modifications.

-   -   The auxiliary irradiating unit may irradiate yellow light or red         light. That is, the auxiliary irradiating unit may irradiate         visible light that is the same as that of the main auxiliary         irradiating unit. In this case as well, a person present near         the first robot can be warned that the second latent area is         larger than the first latent area, in advance.     -   The latent space (second latent space) of the second robot when         an abnormality occurs in the robot system 100 becomes larger as         the execution speed at which the second robot executes a         predetermined task increases. Here, the PLC 100 and the         controller 30 may set the second latent area when the execution         speed at which the second robot executes the predetermined task         is higher than or equal to a predetermined speed to be larger         than the second latent area when the execution speed is lower         than the predetermined speed. As a result of a configuration         such as this, the size of the second latent area can be         appropriately set based on the execution speed of the second         robot. In addition, the predicted area that is set based on the         area of the second motion area and the second latent area         outside of the first motion area and the first latent area when         the second motion area and the second latent area are overlapped         with the first motion area and the first latent area based on         aligned reference positions can be appropriately set.     -   Because the motion speed increases as the execution acceleration         at which the second robot executes a predetermined task         increases, the second latent space Sp when an abnormality occurs         in the robot system 100 becomes large. Here, the PLC 100 and the         controller 30 may set the second latent area when the execution         acceleration at which the second robot executes the         predetermined task is higher than or equal to a predetermined         acceleration to be larger than the second latent area when the         execution acceleration is lower than the predetermined         acceleration. As a result of a configuration such as this, the         size of the second latent area can be appropriately set based on         the execution acceleration of the second robot. In addition, the         predicted area that is set based on the area of the second         motion area and the second latent area outside of the first         motion area and the first latent area when the second motion         area and the second latent area are overlapped with the first         motion area and the first latent area based on aligned reference         positions can be appropriately set.     -   The second latent space when an abnormality occurs in the robot         system 100 changes depending on the current motion position of         the second robot in relation to the second motion area during         execution of a predetermined task by the second robot. For         example, the second latent space becomes small when the current         motion position is near the center of the second motion area.         The second latent space becomes large when the current motion         position is near an end portion of the second motion area. Here,         the PLC 100 and the controller 30 may change the second latent         area based on the current motion position of the second robot in         relation to the second motion area during execution of the         predetermined task by the second robot. As a result of a         configuration such as this, the second latent area, and         therefore, the predicted area can be appropriately changed based         on the current motion position of the second robot in relation         to the second motion area. Furthermore, because the displayed         predicted area changes in accompaniment with the changes in the         current motion position of the second robot, the attention of a         person can be captured, compared to when the predicted area does         not change.     -   The second latent space when an abnormality occurs in the robot         system 100 changes depending on the current motion direction of         the second robot in relation to the second motion area during         execution of a predetermined task by the second robot. For         example, the second latent space becomes small when the current         motion direction is towards the center of the second motion         area. The second latent space becomes large when the current         motion direction is towards an end portion of the second motion         area. Here, the PLC 100 and the controller 30 may change the         second latent area based on the current motion direction of the         second robot in relation to the second motion area during         execution of the predetermined task by the second robot. As a         result of a configuration such as this, the second latent area,         and therefore, the predicted area can be appropriately changed         based on the current motion direction of the second robot in         relation to the second motion area. Furthermore, because the         displayed predicted area changes in accompaniment with the         changes in the current motion direction of the second robot, the         attention of a person can be captured, compared to when the         predicted area does not change.     -   The second latent space when an abnormality occurs in the robot         system 100 changes depending on the deceleration characteristics         of the second robot. For example, the second latent space         becomes small when the deceleration characteristics of the         second robot indicate ease in deceleration. The second latent         space becomes large when the deceleration characteristics of the         second robot indicate difficulty in deceleration. Here, the PLC         100 and the controller 30 may set the second latent area based         on the deceleration characteristics of the second robot. As a         result of a configuration such as this, because the second         latent area, and therefore, the predicted area are appropriately         set based on the deceleration characteristics of the second         robot, the accuracy of the predicted area that is set can be         improved.     -   As the manner in which the motion areas and the latent areas are         visibly displayed during the predetermined tasks by the robots         20A to 20D, the other variation examples according to the first         embodiment can also be applied to an extent that combination is         possible.     -   The robots 20A to 20D may each perform a plurality of tasks. In         this case, as the manner in which the motion area and the latent         area are visibly displayed during each task, the second         embodiment and the variation examples according to the second         embodiment can be applied to an extent that combination is         possible.     -   The second motion area may be larger than the first motion area.         In this case, when the worker m approaches the second robot         under the assumption that the second motion area and the first         motion area are about the same size, the worker m may enter the         second motion area. Here, the PLC 110 and the controller 30         irradiates the red light onto the first motion area by the first         irradiating unit, and sets the predicted area Rf based on an         area of the second motion area outside of the first motion area         when the second motion area is overlapped with the first motion         area based on aligned reference positions. Then, the green light         can be irradiated onto the predicted area Rf by the auxiliary         irradiating unit. As a result of a configuration such as this,         the worker M who is present near the first robot can be made         aware that the second motion area is larger than the first         motion area, in advance. Consequently, when the worker m who is         present near the first robot approaches the second robot, a         situation in which the worker m enters the second motion area         can be suppressed.     -   The second motion area may be larger than an area obtained by         the first latent area being added to the first motion area. In         this case, when the worker m approaches the second robot under         the assumption that the second motion area and the area obtained         by the first latent area being added to the first motion area         are about the same size, the worker m may enter the second         motion area. Here, the PLC 110 and the controller 30 can also         set a predicted area based on an area of the second motion area         outside of the first motion area and the first latent area, when         the second motion area is overlapped with the first motion area         and the first latent area based on aligned reference positions.         As a result of a configuration such as this, when the worker m         who is present near the first robot approaches the second robot,         a situation in which the worker m enters the second motion area         can be suppressed.     -   The robots 20A to 20D are not limited to the same type of robot         and may include differing types of robots.     -   The robots 20A to 20D are not limited to a configuration in         which the robots 20A to 20D are set facing the same direction. A         configuration is also possible in which the robots 20A to 20D         are facing differing directions. In this case as well, the         predicted area may be set based on the area of the second motion         area and the second latent area outside of the first motion area         and the first latent area, when the second motion area and the         second latent area are overlapped with the first motion area and         the first latent area based on aligned reference positions. In         addition, the predicted area may be set based on the area of the         second motion area outside of the first motion area when the         second motion area is overlapped with the first motion area         based on aligned reference positions.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10: robot system

20: robot

20A: robot

20B: robot

20C: robot

20D: robot

30: controller (control unit, forcible stopping unit)

41: irradiating unit (first irradiating unit, second irradiating unit, main irradiating unit)

50: floor (floor surface)

100: robot system

110: PLC (control unit) 

What is claimed is:
 1. A robot system comprising: a robot that is set on a floor, the robot being provided with a movable arm and occupying a first space when the robot operates during a task assigned to the robot, the arm being moved in the first space during performance of the task; a control unit configured to forcibly stop motions of the robot when an abnormality occurs in the robot system; and a display including an irradiating unit that irradiates visible light onto the floor, the irradiating unit including a first irradiating unit that irradiates a first visible light onto the floor, and a second irradiating unit that irradiates a second visible light differing in color or brightness level from the first visible light onto the floor, the display being configured to visibly display: a motion area on a surface of the floor, the motion area being a projected area of the first space onto the floor; and a latent area on the floor, the latent area being an area on the floor occupied by a second space in which the robot is likely to operate until the robot is forcibly stopped by the control unit during the task, wherein the control unit is configured to control the first irradiating unit so as to irradiate the first visible light onto the motion area and control the second irradiating unit so as to irradiate the second visible light onto the latent area, such that both the motion area and the latent area are shown in different colors or brightness levels.
 2. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to set the latent area such that the latent area required in cases where the robot executes the task at an execution speed which is higher than a predetermined speed is set to be wider than the latent area required in cases where the robot executes the task at the execution speed which is lower than the predetermined speed.
 3. The robot system according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion position of the robot during execution of the task, the current motion position being in relation to the motion area.
 4. The robot system according to claim 3, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion direction of the robot during execution of the task, the current motion direction being in relation to the motion area.
 5. The robot system according to claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to control the latent area depending on a deceleration characteristic of the robot.
 6. The robot system according to claim 3, wherein the irradiating unit comprises a plurality of LEDs configured to irradiate visible light onto both the motion and latent areas of the floor, the LEDs including an LED designated for irradiation onto the motion area and an LED designated for irradiation onto the latent area.
 7. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion position of the robot during execution of the task, the current motion position being in relation to the motion area.
 8. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion direction of the robot during execution of the task, the current motion direction being in relation to the motion area.
 9. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control the latent area depending on a deceleration characteristic of the robot.
 10. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the irradiating unit comprises a plurality of LEDs configured to irradiate the visible light onto both the motion and latent areas of the floor, the LEDs including a designated LED, and the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the designated LED irradiates the visible light onto the motion area.
 11. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the irradiating unit comprises a plurality of LEDs configured to irradiate the visible light onto both the motion and latent areas of the floor, the LEDs including an LED designated for irradiation onto the motion area and an LED designated for irradiation onto the latent area.
 12. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the visible light is irradiated onto the floor to show both an overall part of the motion area and an overall part of the latent area in the different colors or brightness levels.
 13. The robot system according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is configured to set the latent area such that the latent area required in cases where the robot executes the task at an execution speed which is higher than a predetermined speed is set to be wider than the latent area required in cases where the robot executes the task at the execution speed which is lower than the predetermined speed.
 14. The robot system according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion position of the robot during execution of the task, the current motion position being in relation to the motion area.
 15. The robot system according to claim 14, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the latent area is variably set depending on a current motion direction of the robot during execution of the task, the current motion direction being in relation to the motion area.
 16. The robot system according to claim 15, wherein the control unit is configured to control the latent area depending on a deceleration characteristic of the robot.
 17. The robot system according to claim 12, wherein the irradiating unit comprises a plurality of LEDs configured to irradiate the visible light onto both the motion and latent areas of the floor, the LEDs including an LED designated for irradiation onto the motion area and an LED designated for irradiation onto the latent area.
 18. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the visible light is irradiated onto the floor to show both only outer edges of the motion area and the latent area in the different colors or brightness levels.
 19. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to: calculate a total latent area that is a smallest area that includes all latent areas for a plurality of types of the tasks repeated in sequence; calculate the motion area of a currently executed task by the robot among the plurality of the tasks; and control the irradiating unit such that the visible light is irradiated onto the floor to show both the motion area depending on the currently executed task and the visible light is irradiated onto the floor to show the total latent area independently of which of the tasks is executed, both the motion area and the total latent area being irradiated in different colors or brightness levels.
 20. The robot system according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is configured to control the first irradiating unit so as to irradiate the first light onto the motion area depending on the currently executed task and the second irradiating unit to irradiate so as to irradiate the second light onto the total latent area.
 21. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control the irradiating unit such that the visible light is irradiated onto the floor to show both an overall part of the motion area and an overall part of the total latent area in different colors.
 22. A display apparatus, comprising: a display element including an irradiating unit that irradiates visible light onto the surface of the floor, the irradiating unit including a first irradiating unit that irradiates a first visible light onto the floor, and a second irradiating unit that irradiates a second visible light differing in color or brightness level from the first visible light onto the floor, the display element visibly displaying both a motion area and a latent area on a surface of a floor, a robot being set on the floor, an industrial robot being provided with a movable arm and occupying a first space when the robot operates during a task assigned to the robot, the arm being moved in the first space during performance of the task, the motion area being a projected area of the first space onto the surface of the floor, the latent area being an area on the floor occupied by a second space in which the robot is likely to operate until the robot is forcibly stopped from moving during the task; and a control unit configured to control the first irradiating unit so as to irradiate the first visible light onto the motion area and control the second irradiating unit so as to irradiate the second visible light onto the latent area, such that the visible light is irradiated onto the floor to show both the motion area and the latent area in different colors or brightness levels.
 23. The display apparatus of claim 22, wherein the control unit is configured control changes of the motion area displayed by the display element in response to changes of the first space. 